Variables & loops
Store a value, then repeat work over it. Two ideas cover most of what beginner programs do.
Write instructions a machine can follow — and debug them.
Store a value, then repeat work over it. Two ideas cover most of what beginner programs do.
Named, reusable blocks of logic. Good names make code readable without comments.
Reproduce, isolate, fix, verify. Rubber-duck it: explaining the bug out loud usually reveals it.